SPECIES: Glyphis glyphis — Speartooth Shark
CLASSIFICATION: Critically endangered
The Speartooth Shark is one of the world's rarest and least-known shark species, however critically endangered on the EPBC and vulnerable on the worldwide IUCN Red List. This elusive predator inhabits tropical river systems and coastal areas in northern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Growing up to 3m in length, the Speartooth Shark is recognisable by its broad, flattened snout, prominent dorsal fins, and the distinctive pointed teeth that give it its name. One of the most fascinating aspects of the Speartooth Shark is its remarkable ability to transition between saltwater and freshwater environments, demonstrating exceptional adaptability to varying salinity levels - a trait shared by only a few shark species worldwide.
The precarious status of the Speartooth Shark stems from multiple threats to its survival. Habitat degradation and modification of river systems have significantly reduced suitable environments for these sharks. They frequently fall victim to accidental capture in both commercial and recreational fishing operations. Their naturally limited breeding range and low reproduction rates make population recovery particularly challenging. Additionally, water quality issues resulting from agricultural runoff and mining activities further compromise their already restricted habitat.
Photo: Shark-Savers